Thus, Japanese scientists from Tokyo University are developing tools that can “feel” the shape and texture of objects they touch. These new advances in haptics (the scientific study of touch) could revolutionize surgery. To demonstrate the potential of their technology-Smart Tool, the researchers used a glass which is superimposed a layer of oil and water layer. While the distinction is impossible to touch, stylus-Smart Tool enabled to distinguish the two environments. The experiment could be repeated with boiled eggs, the stylus distinguishing yellow white. Imagine the possibilities of surgical scalpels allegedly equipped with this technology.

In France it is important to note the remarkable work done by the Team Virtual Institute for Research against Cancer of the Digestive System (IRCAD) who helped develop a new technique for detection and automated delineation of liver tumors from 3 mm thick. This system not only detects lesions from 3 mm thick with an accuracy less than a millimeter, but it also allows a significant improvement in surgical procedures through the provision of 3D reconstruction of the patient before and during the operation. These tools of medical image processing, can also automatically reconstruct a 3D virtual patient, copy of the real patient.

The directive is a tool for municipalities GGD’en to advise and inform citizens. The aim is to improve local air quality and health as much profit. GGD’en may propose to improve air quality or the spatial structure near busy roads. Municipalities may then use this additional local policy formulation for its people, and vulnerable groups in particular, to protect.

The GGD may advise the municipality to take additional measures to further improve air quality or health damage. This can be achieved by in busy urban roads to involve additional policies, the location of “sensitive bestemmingen’zoals schools in the planning to test based on the distance between the buildings and crowded roads or on the traffic intensity. Addition to housing the sensitive destinations are included and a scoring system can be used to determine sensitivity of spatial objects. The GGD may be also stressed that good communication between municipalities and the public about this important subject matter and practical advice.

A thorough physical examination and a complete medical history are the two key elements for diagnosis. Physical examination will show the location of trigger points and the local response of the taut muscular band. There are usually no neurological deficits or abnormalities in laboratory tests hematological, biochemical or urinary tract, unless there are concomitant diseases such as nutritional or metabolic disorders. Electromyography will show an increase in spontaneous electrical activity at trigger points. X-rays or MRI reveal no pathological changes in the affected muscle or connective tissue. However, these muscles may show altered patterns of increasing their fatigue, stiffness, subjective weakness, pain on movement and slight decrease in range of motion. Furthermore generate pain when undergoing stretching, forcing the patient to avoid such postures and exercises to maintain muscle contractions greater movement restriction condition. It may be possible to use ultrasound to visualize the spasmodic response by stimulating the trigger point, and thermography, to show areas of increased skin temperature in the region of the trigger points.

The algometers are used to quantify the sensitivity of muscle pressure on one point. Are applied perpendicular to the zone of maximum sensitivity. The pressure threshold is the minimum amount of pressure that induces pain. It is considered abnormal if there is a difference of less than 2 kg cm2-1, involved in a normal control point, usually measured on the opposite side.

To understand the origin of myofascial pain is necessary to understand two concepts: muscle tightness and trigger points (trigger points). Muscle tension is the product of two distinct factors: the tone vis-coelástico and contractile activity. The tone-lastic viscoe can be divided into two parts, the viscoelastic stiffness and elastic stiffness. The elastic stiffness is generated based on the movement, while memory foam is made in terms of speed. Contractile activity consists of three types: contracture, spasm electrogenic (pathological) and stiffness electrogenic. Contracture and electromyographic recording does not originate inside the muscle fibers. Electrogenic spasm is an involuntary muscle contraction caused pathological alpha motor neurons in the motor endplate. Electrogenic Rigidity refers to muscle tension resulting from muscle contraction in individuals who are not relaxed.

The trigger point or “trigger point” is a source of irritability in the muscle when it is deformed by pressure, stretch or contraction, which produces both a point of local pain and referred pain pattern. These trigger points can be classified into:

• Assets: when they are the direct cause of pain.
• Latent: cause dysfunction when performing certain maneuvers but not muscle pain on palpation. They are the most common and can remain dormant for long, becoming active under stress, overuse, stretching, etc.
• Parents: no underlying cause that occurs.
• Children: a nerve entrapment, radiculopathy, and so on.
• Satellites: when the trigger point remains too long without treatment and undertake adjacent structures.

Muscle pain may be associated with trigger points, muscle tension increases or combinations thereof. Myofascial syndrome is defined by the presence of trigger points, while tension headache and temporomandibular joint disorders are associated with them and increased muscle tone.

Another characteristic of myofascial pain is the presence of a palpable muscular band representing a segmental spasm of a small portion of the muscle. This band is not visible but can be appreciated by palpation after exploration of the affected muscle.

Finally, the third component of myofascial pain is referred pain, which has this name because it originates in the trigger point but is perceived distance. Can be confused with radicular pain, but usually does not follow the distribution of a nerve, or displays associated sensory or motor deficits.

The pain is usually constant, deep and dull. Sometimes they may have hyperalgesia and / or Alodia-many resembling paresthesias, requiring differential diagnosis of neuropathic pain.

Patients suffering from myofascial syndrome also accuse symptoms such as sleep disorders and weakness. Autonomic phenomena may also occur in areas of referred pain radiating as vasoconstriction, sweating and pilomotor activity.

This term, imposed by the DSM, actually means “marked depression. Although they are not unanimous, the U.S. criteria of DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ) major depressive disorder are: A person must have at least 5 of the 9 following symptoms for a period at least two weeks, most of the time, resulting in a change in the mode of operation. At least one of these two criteria must be present: sad mood, anhedonia.

• Sad mood (depression): described as more intense than the pain of bereavement. The patient is joyless and oppressed, sometimes it is unable to perceive any sense. Generally the mood is worse in the morning. In children and adolescents, this may manifest as increased irritability.
• Anhedonia: decreased pleasure or interest in all activities, including those that usually give pleasure. Habits are changing hobbies are neglected, everything seems dull and empty, including the activities usually rewarding.
• Change involuntary weight: Increase or decrease of 5% or more of usual weight in a month. Eventually, recent change in appetite
• Sleep disorders: decrease (sleep) or increase (hypersomnia) of sleep time
• Impaired concentration or making decisions
• Behavior Disorders: agitation or retardation (bradyphrenia) reported by the surroundings.
• Asthenia: feeling of fatigue or decreased energy
• Feelings of guilt bloated, unjustified and often related to self-depreciation of the patient.
• Ideas black: will die, active suicidal ideation with or without a specific plan, eventually attempted suicide.

On the threshold of eternity. In 1890, Vincent van Gogh painted this picture often interpreted as symbolizing the despair felt in depression. Van Gogh himself suffered from depression and committed suicide the same year.

This classification has some sort of historical basis, but the distinction is hardly used nowadays. The endogenous depression is characterized by pain latent moral contrast with emotional numbing (also called emotional anesthesia) outside for a pessimism, a marked inhibition, auto devaluation themes and ideas of self-accusation delusions of ruin, disaster, incurable, insomnia with early awakening, anorexia with weight loss, disgust of life inaccessible to any argument. The fluctuation of symptoms during the day is special in endogenous depression: a very strong wake up (morning), they tend to fade late in the day. Overall, the melancholic is disregarding the pathological aspect of his condition and refused any medical use, unnecessary. Form unipolar and bipolar depression: endogenous depression is often an expression of bipolar disorder (formerly called “manic-depressive”). It was initially well defined, tends to be divided into categories because of the evolutionary aspects, family history and therapeutic responses to the same unequal treatment. The form consists of bipolar depression and access to episodes of euphoric excitement, separated by a gap. The pole shape is in turn defined by the repetitive occurrence of one type of access generally depressed.

There are also secondary depression due to drugs, organic disease, psychiatric disease, or depression or alexithymia involution.

In psychiatry the term ‘depression’ of Latin depressio. , “Draft” means a disease for some, or syndrome to others, whose central event is a mental condition characterized by fatigue important, a self-deprecation, pessimism causing significant disruption in reporting psycho-emotional

It is a common disease which affects almost 20% of people during their life and that marks a break with the usual psychological functioning of patients. The risk of progression to the more serious the condition is suicide, especially when it could not be detected and supported. Thus, almost 70% of people dying by suicide in France suffered from depression most often not diagnosed and treated

• Do not confuse depression with what is commonly called “coup de blues” or “depression” that reflects a sad passing, normal in a difficult situation.
• The term depression has a different meaning or classification in psychopathology and psychoanalysis, which he described a painful psychological process associated with a loss without being necessarily pathological. 10% of French signs of depression

Adolescent girls in primary

Who is affected by the disorder of the vision itself? It is not known what proportion of the population affected by this evil, but American studies suggest the figure of one in 50 who would fixate on her looks. The disease mostly adolescents and young adults.

The causes of this disorder are still poorly known. It is an anxiety that will find expression as a focus on a body part.

The dysmorphic disorder is often associated with other disorders shrinks: depression, eating disorders, manic-depressive, anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorders and other phobias (including agoraphobia).

At first I did not pay much attention but for 6 months it has become unlivable. I try to convince my self that it does not see that it is ridiculous to do that but I can not help it at least ej could not do it because since I know what it is, it qq began spending little but I do not cry victory. intence suffering is a very scary and even more that people do not understand and that it is not seen. I’m just irritable and heads I made the film when my phisical aspect, I think my face changes. I know that it is ridiculous that it can be treated. I hope again because I started to depress réeellment. I had a trigger calling a friend who is a psychoanalyst who has a word on what happened. I was ashamed to tell him what I had because I thought it invraissemblable; crazy. I even thought of skizophrénie.
Beaucop I suffered but I count myself out. I have appointments with a psychiatrist within 15 days. It’s like a new life for me begins.
I wonder if other people have lived or live a dysmorphophobie.Merci your testimony.  I speak with you. I know I am far from alone in this life. I thought the contrary there two days. phobia is that we contain ourselves on is why it is good to talk.

The dysmorphobie or dysmorphic disorder is the haunting fear (wrongly or rightly) of being ugly or malformed.

It is a disease characterized by a preoccupation or obsession with a defect in appearance, even a slight imperfection real (freckles, big nose, mottled skin, wrinkles, acne scars), or imaginary. This can cause severe depression or suicide attempts. People suffering from this disorder have degraded and distorted image of themselves and unreasonable fears of rejection because of the interpretation they make their appearance. There are two forms of the disease: a form accompanied by hallucinations and a form without hallucination. Patients (men and women) develop compulsive rituals to cover their (s) failure (s). They may remain a considerable time in front of a mirror to try to reassure but the effect is often reversed. They compulsively seek doctors, drugs or resort to plastic surgery. They can go far to improve their appearance, using methods sometimes dangerous. Some may even attempt self-surgery or suicide. Treatment is often difficult, but there has been progress with drugs such as serotonergic antidepressants.